{"id":"lambert-2005-white-birch-foliage","source":{"id":"lambert-2005","citation":"Lambert, M.-C., Ung, C.-H., Raulier, F. (2005). Canadian national tree aboveground biomass equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35(8), 1996–2018.","title":"Canadian national tree aboveground biomass equations","authors":["Lambert, M.-C.","Ung, C.-H.","Raulier, F."],"year":2005,"venue":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","doi":"10.1139/x05-112","url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-112","read_url":"https://www.esf.edu/quest/documents/Lambertetal.2005.Canadatreebiomass.pdf","access":"paywalled","checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"current","notes":"All 33 species are entered, each with total aboveground, stem (wood + bark), branch and foliage equations, for both the dbh-only set (Table 3) and the dbh + height set (Table 4). The paper's hardwood, softwood and all-species equations are not entered: they are meant for species outside the 33, and this library shows pooled fits only on the pages of species they name. Ung, Bernier & Guo (2008, CJFR 38:1123–1132, doi:10.1139/X07-224) re-estimated parameters for six species after adding British Columbia data and added eight BC species; no legal open copy of that paper was found (NRCan's repository lists it without a file), so Lambert 2005 parameters are used here."},"name":"Canadian national equation, white birch, dbh only (foliage; Table 3)","output":{"quantity":"foliage_biomass"},"expression":"0.0546 * D^1.6351","published":{"expression":"0.0546 * dbh^1.6351","units":{"dbh":"cm"},"variables":{"dbh":"D"},"output_unit":"kg"},"taxon":{"level":"species","name":"Betula papyrifera","family":"Betulaceae","group":"broadleaf"},"region":{"scope":"national","countries":["CA"],"place":"Canada: Alberta, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan (ENFOR archival data, early 1980s)","biomes":["boreal","temperate"]},"fit":{"n_trees":606,"dbh_min_cm":1.5,"dbh_max_cm":43.6,"r2":0.58,"method":"Nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression with weight functions; additivity constrained so compartments sum to total"},"evidence":[{"field":"expression","quote":"y foliage = β foliage1D βfoliage2 + efoliage","locator":"Eq. 2"},{"field":"expression","quote":"bfoliage1 0.0546","locator":"Table 3, White birch"},{"field":"expression","quote":"bfoliage2 1.6351","locator":"Table 3, White birch"},{"field":"fit.n_trees","quote":"White birch            606     16.4±0.4     13.3±0.2     152.0±7.1","locator":"Table 2 (No. of trees)"},{"field":"fit.dbh_min_cm","quote":"(1.5;43.6)   (2.6;23.9)    (0.4;1020.8)","locator":"Table 2, White birch (ranges of dbh, height, total biomass)"},{"field":"fit.r2","quote":"Foliage 0.0088 0.58 3.8 2.46 0.0135 0.60 3.7 2.27","locator":"Table 5, White birch (AdjRSq in the dbh-based set, first block)"}],"check":[{"inputs":{"D":20},"expected":7.3199,"origin":"computed","note":"computed from the published form at dbh = 20 cm"}],"verification":"original_read","checked_at":"2026-11-03","notes":"Foliage is leaves and twigs. r2 is the adjusted R² (AdjRSq) of this compartment in Table 5. Fitted on the original scale (weighted nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression), so there is no back-transform correction. Dead branches, cones and fruits are not part of aboveground biomass in this work (Materials). Stand type was not always recorded. Ung, Bernier & Guo (2008) later revised parameters for some species with British Columbia data; not used here."}