# Canadian national equation, red spruce, dbh only (foliage; Table 3)

Foliage biomass equation for Picea rubens, Canada, from Lambert et al. 2005. 55 trees, DBH 6.5–43.5 cm. Listed on Tree Allometrics, a free library of tree allometric equations, each quoted from the source that published it.

## Equation

As printed in Lambert et al. 2005 (Eq. 2):

> y foliage = β foliage1D βfoliage2 + efoliage

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#equation

In this library's units, ready to compute (foliage biomass in kg):

```
Foliage biomass = 0.0066 * D^2.4213
```

Inputs: D = Diameter at breast height (1.3 m) (cm).
The source's own form: 0.0066 * dbh^2.4213, with dbh in cm; output in kg.
Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#canonical

## What it covers

- Output: Foliage biomass, kg
- Taxon: Picea rubens (species), family Pinaceae; conifer
- Where: Quebec, Canada (ENFOR archival data, early 1980s). Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#where
- Biomes: temperate
- Stand: not stated
- Trees measured: 55. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#n_trees
- DBH range: 6.5–43.5 cm. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#dbh
- R²: 0.9. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#r2
- Method: Nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression with weight functions; additivity constrained so compartments sum to total. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#method
- Verification: read in the original source
- Last checked: 2026-11-03. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#checked_at

A missing fit statistic is one the source doesn't state, or that we haven't recorded; it is never estimated. Outside the stated DBH range or region, the equation is an extrapolation.

## Source

Lambert, M.-C., Ung, C.-H., Raulier, F. (2005). Canadian national tree aboveground biomass equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35(8), 1996–2018.

- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-112
- Access: paywalled
- Copy we read: https://www.esf.edu/quest/documents/Lambertetal.2005.Canadatreebiomass.pdf
- Every equation from this source: https://treeallometry.org/sources/lambert-2005/
- Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#source

## The facts, in the source's words

**Equation** (Eq. 2):

> y foliage = β foliage1D βfoliage2 + efoliage

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#equation

**Equation** (Table 3, Red spruce):

> bfoliage1 0.0066

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#quote-expression

**Equation** (Table 3, Red spruce):

> bfoliage2 2.4213

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#quote-expression-2

**Trees measured** (Table 2 (No. of trees)):

> Red spruce              55     22.9±1.2     15.9±0.4     207.7±22.4

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#quote-fit-n-trees

**Smallest DBH** (Table 2, Red spruce (ranges of dbh, height, total biomass)):

> (6.5;43.5)   (8.0;21.2)    (9.1;811.7)

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#quote-fit-dbh-min-cm

**R²** (Table 5, Red spruce (AdjRSq in the dbh-based set, first block)):

> Foliage 0.0005 0.90 4.2 3.25 0.0002 0.89 4.3 3.53

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#quote-fit-r2

**Our note:** Foliage is leaves and twigs. r2 is the adjusted R² (AdjRSq) of this compartment in Table 5. Fitted on the original scale (weighted nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression), so there is no back-transform correction. Dead branches, cones and fruits are not part of aboveground biomass in this work (Materials). Stand type was not always recorded. Ung, Bernier & Guo (2008) later revised parameters for some species with British Columbia data; not used here.

## Checks this equation passes

On every build, the library's form and the source's own form (in its units) must both give these values within 1%.

| Inputs | Expected | We get | From |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| D = 20 | 9.33 | 9.33 | Computed from the printed form: computed from the published form at dbh = 20 cm |

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/#checks

The calculator on the page shows carbon as biomass × 0.47 (IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Vol. 4, Ch. 4, Table 4.3) and CO₂e as carbon × 44/12.

## How to cite

Cite the source for the equation: Lambert, M.-C., Ung, C.-H., Raulier, F. (2005). Canadian national tree aboveground biomass equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35(8), 1996–2018. https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-112

Cite this page for the record and checks: Tree Allometrics (Restoration Scope), "Canadian national equation, red spruce, dbh only (foliage; Table 3)", checked 2026-11-03, https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage/. Data CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Quotes are the authors' words.

Data for this equation: https://treeallometry.org/data/equations/lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage.json
Report a problem: email info@restorationscope.com with the equation id (lambert-2005-red-spruce-foliage) and where the right value appears.