# Canadian national equation, white elm, dbh and height (stem wood plus stem bark; Table 4)

Stem biomass equation for Ulmus americana, Canada, from Lambert et al. 2005. 81 trees, DBH 0.7–55.2 cm. Listed on Tree Allometrics, a free library of tree allometric equations, each quoted from the source that published it.

## Equation

As printed in Lambert et al. 2005 (Eq. 3):

> y wood = β wood1D βwood2Hβwood3 + ewood

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#equation

In this library's units, ready to compute (stem biomass in kg):

```
Stem biomass = 0.0207 * D^2.2276 * H^0.6488 + 0.0078 * D^2.454
```

Inputs: D = Diameter at breast height (1.3 m) (cm); H = Total tree height (m).
The source's own form: 0.0207 * dbh^2.2276 * H^0.6488 + 0.0078 * dbh^2.454, with dbh in cm, H in m; output in kg.
Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#canonical

## What it covers

- Output: Stem biomass, kg
- Taxon: Ulmus americana (species), family Ulmaceae; broadleaf
- Where: Ontario, Canada (ENFOR archival data, early 1980s). Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#where
- Biomes: temperate
- Stand: not stated
- Trees measured: 81. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#n_trees
- DBH range: 0.7–55.2 cm. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#dbh
- Height range: 2.1–23.2 m. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#height
- R²: 0.97. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#r2
- Method: Nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression with weight functions; additivity constrained so compartments sum to total. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#method
- Verification: read in the original source
- Last checked: 2026-11-03. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#checked_at

A missing fit statistic is one the source doesn't state, or that we haven't recorded; it is never estimated. Outside the stated DBH range or region, the equation is an extrapolation.

## Source

Lambert, M.-C., Ung, C.-H., Raulier, F. (2005). Canadian national tree aboveground biomass equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35(8), 1996–2018.

- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-112
- Access: paywalled
- Copy we read: https://www.esf.edu/quest/documents/Lambertetal.2005.Canadatreebiomass.pdf
- Every equation from this source: https://treeallometry.org/sources/lambert-2005/
- Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#source

## The facts, in the source's words

**Equation** (Eq. 3):

> y wood = β wood1D βwood2Hβwood3 + ewood

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#equation

**Equation** (Eq. 3):

> y bark = β bark1D βbark2Hβbark3 + e bark

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-expression

**Equation** (Table 4, White elm):

> White elm bwood1 0.0207

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-expression-2

**Equation** (Table 4, White elm):

> bwood2 2.2276

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-expression-3

**Equation** (Table 4, White elm):

> bwood3 0.6488

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-expression-4

**Equation** (Table 4, White elm):

> bbark1 0.0078

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-expression-5

**Equation** (Table 4, White elm):

> bbark2 2.4540

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-expression-6

**Equation** (Table 4, White elm):

> bbark3 —

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-expression-7

**Trees measured** (Table 2 (No. of trees)):

> White elm               81     20.3±1.1     13.5±0.5     203.5±28.8

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-fit-n-trees

**Smallest DBH** (Table 2, White elm (ranges of dbh, height, total biomass)):

> (0.7;55.2)   (2.1;23.2)   (0.2;1832.2)

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-fit-dbh-min-cm

**R²** (Table 5, White elm (AdjRSq in the dbh- and height-based set, second block)):

> Stem 0.0265 0.97 36.3 3.27 0.0199 0.97 39.0 3.30

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#quote-fit-r2

**Our note:** Stem from ground level to tree top, stem wood plus stem bark; the stem is the sum of the two compartment equations. Height drops out of the bark term: the paper leaves its height exponent blank (—, not significantly different from zero). r2 is the adjusted R² (AdjRSq) of this compartment in Table 5. Fitted on the original scale (weighted nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression), so there is no back-transform correction. Dead branches, cones and fruits are not part of aboveground biomass in this work (Materials). Stand type was not always recorded. Ung, Bernier & Guo (2008) later revised parameters for some species with British Columbia data; not used here.

## Checks this equation passes

On every build, the library's form and the source's own form (in its units) must both give these values within 1%.

| Inputs | Expected | We get | From |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| D = 20, H = 15 | 107 | 107 | Computed from the printed form: computed from the published form at dbh = 20 cm, H = 15 m |

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/#checks

The calculator on the page shows carbon as biomass × 0.47 (IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Vol. 4, Ch. 4, Table 4.3) and CO₂e as carbon × 44/12.

## How to cite

Cite the source for the equation: Lambert, M.-C., Ung, C.-H., Raulier, F. (2005). Canadian national tree aboveground biomass equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35(8), 1996–2018. https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-112

Cite this page for the record and checks: Tree Allometrics (Restoration Scope), "Canadian national equation, white elm, dbh and height (stem wood plus stem bark; Table 4)", checked 2026-11-03, https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem/. Data CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Quotes are the authors' words.

Data for this equation: https://treeallometry.org/data/equations/lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem.json
Report a problem: email info@restorationscope.com with the equation id (lambert-2005-white-elm-dbh-h-stem) and where the right value appears.