# NSVB bigleaf maple, species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 11 in (27.94 cm)

Stem volume equation for Acer macrophyllum, United States, from Westfall et al. 2024. 142 trees, DBH 7.11–27.94 cm. Listed on Tree Allometrics, a free library of tree allometric equations, each quoted from the source that published it.

## Equation

As printed in Westfall et al. 2024 (Table S1a (Table S1a_volib_coefs_spcd.csv, WO-GTR-104-Supp1), columns SPCD,DIVISION,STDORGCD,model,a,a1,b,b1,c,c1):

> 312,,,2,0.001357571,,1.860085589,1.921258958,1.179426027,

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#equation

In this library's units, ready to compute (stem volume in m³):

```
Stem volume = 0.028316846592 * 0.001357571 * (D/2.54)^1.860085589 * (H/0.3048)^1.179426027
```

Inputs: D = Diameter at breast height (1.3 m) (cm); H = Total tree height (m).
The source's own form: 0.001357571 * DBH^1.860085589 * HT^1.179426027, with DBH in in, HT in ft; output in ft3.
Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#canonical

## What it covers

- Output: Stem volume, m³
- Taxon: Acer macrophyllum (species), family Sapindaceae; broadleaf
- Where: United States, species-level fit (NSVB uses it wherever table S1a has no row for the tree's ecodivision). Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#where
- Biomes: temperate, montane
- Stand: not stated
- Trees measured: 142. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#n_trees
- DBH range: 7.11–27.94 cm. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#dbh
- Method: NSVB segmented model (Eq. 2), coefficients for SPCD 312 (species-level row, no DIVISION) from table S1a; fitted with weighted regression to destructively sampled trees. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#method
- Verification: read in the original source
- Last checked: 2026-11-03. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#checked_at

A missing fit statistic is one the source doesn't state, or that we haven't recorded; it is never estimated. Outside the stated DBH range or region, the equation is an extrapolation.

## Source

Westfall, J.A., Coulston, J.W., Gray, A.N., Shaw, J.D., Radtke, P.J., Walker, D.M., Weiskittel, A.R., et al. (2024). A national-scale tree volume, biomass, and carbon modeling system for the United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-104. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 37 p.

- DOI: https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-104
- Access: open access
- Copy we read: https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/66998.pdf
- Every equation from this source: https://treeallometry.org/sources/westfall-2024/
- Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#source

## The facts, in the source's words

**Equation** (Table S1a (Table S1a_volib_coefs_spcd.csv, WO-GTR-104-Supp1), columns SPCD,DIVISION,STDORGCD,model,a,a1,b,b1,c,c1):

> 312,,,2,0.001357571,,1.860085589,1.921258958,1.179426027,

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#equation

**Equation** (Eq. 2, p. 2):

> yi = a × Di^b × Hi^c + εi; Di < k / yi = a × k^(b−b1) × Di^b1 × Hi^c + εi; Di ≥ k

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#quote-expression

**Units** (Methods, Model development, p. 2):

> Di is diameter (inches) at breast height (4.5 feet), Hi is total tree height (feet)

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#quote-published-units

**published.output unit** (Examples of tree-level calculations, p. 8):

> units for volume and biomass predictions are cubic feet and pounds, respectively

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#quote-published-output-unit

**Taxon** (FIADB REF_SPECIES.csv (FIA DataMart), columns SPCD,COMMON_NAME,SHARED_COMMON_NAME_IND,GENUS,SPECIES,VARIETY,SUBSPECIES,SCIENTIFIC_NAME: the species codes the NSVB tables use):

> 312,bigleaf maple,N,Acer,macrophyllum,,,Acer macrophyllum

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#quote-taxon

**Output** (Methods, Data, p. 2):

> total stem was defined as groundline to tree tip

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#quote-output

**Equation** (Methods, Model development, p. 2):

> k is a set segmentation point that is 9.0 inches for softwoods (SPCD<300) and 11.0 inches for hardwoods (SPCD≥300)

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#quote-expression-2

**Where** (Results, p. 6):

> If a species occurs in an ecodivision not explicitly listed, the entry having no ecodivision noted is used.

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#quote-region

**Fit** (Table S13_component_spcd_scorecard.csv (WO-GTR-104-Supp1), columns VAR2,VAR3,SPCD,N,Avg_DBH,Min_DBH,Max_DBH):

> "Total Stem Wood Volume","ST_WD_CV_TOT","312",142,6.82605633802817,2.8,16.5

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#quote-fit

**Fit** (Methods, Model development, p. 6):

> key modeling statistics such as sample sizes (n), tree diameter distributions (minimum, mean, and maximum)

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#quote-fit-2

**Our note:** Output is gross total stem wood volume inside bark, groundline to tip (VtotibGross), before cull or broken-top deductions. DBH is measured at 4.5 ft (1.37 m). Paper units: in, ft, ft3; expression converts D cm→in (/2.54), H m→ft (/0.3048) and ft3→m3 (×0.028316846592). n and the DBH range are from the scorecard for ST_WD_CV_TOT across ecodivisions (table S13) and cover the whole segmented model; the record's DBH limit at k is the segmentation point. Lower branch of the segmented model; pair with westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-large. Species-level row: NSVB applies it in every ecodivision that has no row of its own for this species in this table.

## Checks this equation passes

On every build, the library's form and the source's own form (in its units) must both give these values within 1%.

| Inputs | Expected | We get | From |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| D = 20.32, H = 13.716 | 0.164 | 0.164 | Computed from the printed form: computed from the published form at D = 8 in, H = 45 ft, converted to cm, m and m3 |

Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/#checks

## How to cite

Cite the source for the equation: Westfall, J.A., Coulston, J.W., Gray, A.N., Shaw, J.D., Radtke, P.J., Walker, D.M., Weiskittel, A.R., et al. (2024). A national-scale tree volume, biomass, and carbon modeling system for the United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-104. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 37 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-104

Cite this page for the record and checks: Tree Allometrics (Restoration Scope), "NSVB bigleaf maple, species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 11 in (27.94 cm)", checked 2026-11-03, https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small/. Data CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Quotes are the authors' words.

Data for this equation: https://treeallometry.org/data/equations/westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small.json
Report a problem: email info@restorationscope.com with the equation id (westfall-2024-acer-macrophyllum-volume-small) and where the right value appears.