# NSVB white oak, Hot Continental Mountains (M220): total foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1) Foliage biomass equation for Quercus alba, United States, from Westfall et al. 2024. 50 trees, DBH 2.54–87.63 cm. Listed on Tree Allometrics, a free library of tree allometric equations, each quoted from the source that published it. ## Equation As printed in Westfall et al. 2024 (Example 4, p. 25): > Wfoliage = 0.03832401169 × 18.1^1.740655717258 × 65^0.500290321354 = 47.823281355886 Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#equation In this library's units, ready to compute (foliage biomass in kg): ``` Foliage biomass = 0.45359237 * 0.03832401169 * (D/2.54)^1.740655717258 * (H/0.3048)^0.500290321354 ``` Inputs: D = Diameter at breast height (1.3 m) (cm); H = Total tree height (m). The source's own form: 0.03832401169 * DBH^1.740655717258 * HT^0.500290321354, with DBH in in, HT in ft; output in lb. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#canonical ## What it covers - Output: Foliage biomass, kg - Taxon: Quercus alba (species), family Fagaceae; broadleaf - Where: FIA ecodivision M220, Hot Continental Mountains (mapped in GTR fig. 1). Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#where - Biomes: temperate, montane - Stand: not stated - Trees measured: 50. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#n_trees - DBH range: 2.54–87.63 cm. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#dbh - Method: NSVB Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1), coefficients for SPCD 802 in DIVISION M220 from table S9a (the total foliage biomass table used in Example 4); fitted with weighted regression to destructively sampled trees. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#method - Verification: read in the original source - Last checked: 2026-11-03. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#checked_at A missing fit statistic is one the source doesn't state, or that we haven't recorded; it is never estimated. Outside the stated DBH range or region, the equation is an extrapolation. ## Source Westfall, J.A., Coulston, J.W., Gray, A.N., Shaw, J.D., Radtke, P.J., Walker, D.M., Weiskittel, A.R., et al. (2024). A national-scale tree volume, biomass, and carbon modeling system for the United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-104. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 37 p. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-104 - Access: open access - Copy we read: https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/66998.pdf - Every equation from this source: https://treeallometry.org/sources/westfall-2024/ - Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#source ## The facts, in the source's words **Equation** (Example 4, p. 25): > Wfoliage = 0.03832401169 × 18.1^1.740655717258 × 65^0.500290321354 = 47.823281355886 Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#equation **Taxon** (Example 4, p. 21): > a live white oak (Quercus alba; SPCD = 802) tree having D = 18.1 inches, H = 65 feet Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#quote-taxon **Where** (Example 4, p. 21): > growing in the Hot Continental Mountains (DIVISION = M220) Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#quote-region **Equation** (Eq. 1, p. 2): > yi = a × Di^b × Hi^c + εi Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#quote-expression **Units** (Methods, Model development, p. 2): > Di is diameter (inches) at breast height (4.5 feet), Hi is total tree height (feet) Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#quote-published-units **published.output unit** (Examples of tree-level calculations, p. 8): > units for volume and biomass predictions are cubic feet and pounds, respectively Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#quote-published-output-unit **Output** (Examples of tree-level calculations, step 15, p. 8): > Directly predict total foliage dry weight as a function of D and H. Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#quote-output **Fit** (Table S19_component_division_spcd_scorecard.csv (WO-GTR-104-Supp1), columns VAR2,VAR3,SPCD,DIVISION,DIVISION_DESCRIPTION,N,Avg_DBH,Min_DBH,Max_DBH): > "Foliage","FOL_DW","802","M220","HOT_CONTINENTAL_REGIME_MOUNTAINS",50,11.398,1,34.5 Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#quote-fit **Fit** (Methods, Model development, p. 6): > key modeling statistics such as sample sizes (n), tree diameter distributions (minimum, mean, and maximum) Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#quote-fit-2 **Our note:** Output is total foliage dry weight (Wfoliage); NSVB keeps foliage out of total AGB. Coefficients for white oak in the Hot Continental Mountains (M220) only; other ecodivisions use other coefficients. Paper units: in, ft, lb; expression converts D cm→in (/2.54), H m→ft (/0.3048) and lb→kg (×0.45359237). n and the DBH range are from the scorecard for FOL_DW in M220 (table S19). DBH is measured at 4.5 ft (1.37 m). ## Checks this equation passes On every build, the library's form and the source's own form (in its units) must both give these values within 1%. | Inputs | Expected | We get | From | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | D = 45.974, H = 19.812 | 21.7 | 21.7 | Value printed in the paper: Example 4 (p. 25) prints 47.823281355886 lb for D = 18.1 in, H = 65 ft; inputs and expected converted to cm, m, kg | Cite: https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/#checks The calculator on the page shows carbon as biomass × 0.47 (IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Vol. 4, Ch. 4, Table 4.3) and CO₂e as carbon × 44/12. ## How to cite Cite the source for the equation: Westfall, J.A., Coulston, J.W., Gray, A.N., Shaw, J.D., Radtke, P.J., Walker, D.M., Weiskittel, A.R., et al. (2024). A national-scale tree volume, biomass, and carbon modeling system for the United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-104. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 37 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-104 Cite this page for the record and checks: Tree Allometrics (Restoration Scope), "NSVB white oak, Hot Continental Mountains (M220): total foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)", checked 2026-11-03, https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage/. Data CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Quotes are the authors' words. Data for this equation: https://treeallometry.org/data/equations/westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage.json Report a problem: email info@restorationscope.com with the equation id (westfall-2024-quercus-alba-m220-foliage) and where the right value appears.