# Abies balsamea

Pinaceae. 29 equations apply. Each output lists them most specific first: fitted on this species, on a variety of it, pooled fits that included it, then its genus and family. Within each step, equations the authors advised against go last, then those read from compilations; more trees come first. The order shows how specific the evidence is, not which equation predicts best.

Wood density 0.31 g/cm³, estimated from 65 samples in 4 studies by the [Global Wood Density Database v.2](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16919509) (Fischer et al. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70860; CC BY 4.0).

## Aboveground biomass

1. Lambert et al. 2005 (this species): Fitted on this species; 639 trees; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Canadian national equation, balsam fir, dbh only (sum of wood, bark, branches, foliage; Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-balsam-fir/), Lambert et al. 2005: Abies balsamea, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; 639 trees.
   - [Canadian national equation, balsam fir, dbh and height (sum of wood, bark, branches, foliage; Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-balsam-fir-dbh-h/), Lambert et al. 2005: Abies balsamea, Canada; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; 639 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 109–117 trees; DBH 2.54–40.64 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, species-level (all ecodivisions): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-agb-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 22.86–40.64 cm; 117 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, species-level (all ecodivisions): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-agb-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–22.86 cm; 117 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Warm Continental Division (210): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-210-agb-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 22.86–40.64 cm; 109 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Warm Continental Division (210): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-210-agb-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–22.86 cm; 109 trees.

3. Chojnacky et al. 2014 (pooled, includes it): Pooled fit on 3 species, this one included; Number of trees not stated; DBH 3–69 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [North American taxa group: Abies < 0.35 spg (Table 5)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/chojnacky-2014-abies-spg-lt-035/), Chojnacky et al. 2014: Abies < 0.35 spg (Abies balsamea, A. fraseri, A. lasiocarpa), United States; inputs DBH; DBH 3–69 cm.

## Stem biomass

1. Lambert et al. 2005 (this species): Fitted on this species; 639 trees; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Canadian national equation, balsam fir, dbh and height (stem wood plus stem bark; Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-balsam-fir-dbh-h-stem/), Lambert et al. 2005: Abies balsamea, Canada; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; 639 trees.
   - [Canadian national equation, balsam fir, dbh only (stem wood plus stem bark; Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-balsam-fir-stem/), Lambert et al. 2005: Abies balsamea, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; 639 trees.

## Branch biomass

1. Lambert et al. 2005 (this species): Fitted on this species; 639 trees; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Canadian national equation, balsam fir, dbh only (branches; Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-balsam-fir-branches/), Lambert et al. 2005: Abies balsamea, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; 639 trees.
   - [Canadian national equation, balsam fir, dbh and height (branches; Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-balsam-fir-dbh-h-branches/), Lambert et al. 2005: Abies balsamea, Canada; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; 639 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 131–162 trees; DBH 2.54–40.64 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, species-level (all ecodivisions): branch biomass (wood and bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-branch/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–40.64 cm; 162 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Warm Continental Division (210): branch biomass (wood and bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-210-branch/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–40.64 cm; 131 trees.

## Foliage biomass

1. Lambert et al. 2005 (this species): Fitted on this species; 639 trees; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Canadian national equation, balsam fir, dbh and height (foliage; Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-balsam-fir-dbh-h-foliage/), Lambert et al. 2005: Abies balsamea, Canada; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; 639 trees.
   - [Canadian national equation, balsam fir, dbh only (foliage; Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-balsam-fir-foliage/), Lambert et al. 2005: Abies balsamea, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 1.5–42.4 cm; 639 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 169–200 trees; DBH 2.54–40.64 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, species-level (all ecodivisions): foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-foliage/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–40.64 cm; 200 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Warm Continental Division (210): foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-210-foliage/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–40.64 cm; 169 trees.

## Stem volume

1. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 176–3,986 trees; DBH 2.54–53.09 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-volume-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 22.86–53.09 cm; 3,986 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-volume-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–22.86 cm; 3,986 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Warm Continental Division (210): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-210-volume-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 22.86–48.26 cm; 2,361 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Warm Continental Division (210): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-210-volume-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–22.86 cm; 2,361 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Subarctic Division (130): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-130-volume-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 22.86–53.09 cm; 1,263 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Subarctic Division (130): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-130-volume-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–22.86 cm; 1,263 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Hot Continental Division (220): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-220-volume-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 22.86–45.97 cm; 186 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Hot Continental Division (220): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-220-volume-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 12.7–22.86 cm; 186 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Warm Continental Regime Mountains (M210): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-m210-volume-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 22.86–39.12 cm; 176 trees.
   - [NSVB balsam fir, Warm Continental Regime Mountains (M210): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 9 in (22.86 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-balsamea-m210-volume-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies balsamea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.06–22.86 cm; 176 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Abies; 144–175 trees across all species; DBH 12.45–111.76 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB fir spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-spp-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 12.45–111.76 cm; 175 trees.
   - [NSVB fir spp., Marine Regime Mountains (M240): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-abies-spp-m240-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Abies, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 12.45–111.76 cm; 144 trees.