# Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Oleaceae. 26 equations apply. Each output lists them most specific first: fitted on this species, on a variety of it, pooled fits that included it, then its genus and family. Within each step, equations the authors advised against go last, then those read from compilations; more trees come first. The order shows how specific the evidence is, not which equation predicts best.

Wood density 0.59 g/cm³, estimated from 84 samples in 5 studies by the [Global Wood Density Database v.2](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16919509) (Fischer et al. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70860; CC BY 4.0).

## Aboveground biomass

1. Lambert et al. 2005 (this species): Fitted on this species; 27 trees; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Canadian national equation, red ash, dbh only (sum of wood, bark, branches, foliage; Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-ash/), Lambert et al. 2005: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; 27 trees.
   - [Canadian national equation, red ash, dbh and height (sum of wood, bark, branches, foliage; Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-ash-dbh-h/), Lambert et al. 2005: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Canada; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; 27 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 64–93 trees; DBH 2.54–77.72 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB green ash, species-level (all ecodivisions): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-pennsylvanica-agb/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–77.72 cm; 93 trees.
   - [NSVB green ash, Subtropical Division (230): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-pennsylvanica-230-agb/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–77.72 cm; 64 trees.

3. Chojnacky et al. 2014 (pooled, includes it): Pooled fit on 2 named species and others, this one included; Number of trees not stated; DBH 3–43 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [North American taxa group: Oleaceae < 0.55 spg (Table 5)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/chojnacky-2014-oleaceae-spg-lt-055/), Chojnacky et al. 2014: Oleaceae < 0.55 spg (Fraxinus nigra, F. pennsylvanica, Fraxinus spp.), United States; inputs DBH; DBH 3–43 cm.

4. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Fraxinus; 234–271 trees across all species; DBH 2.54–59.69 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB ash spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-spp-agb/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–59.69 cm; 271 trees.
   - [NSVB ash spp., Subtropical Division (230): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-spp-230-agb/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–59.69 cm; 234 trees.

## Stem biomass

1. Lambert et al. 2005 (this species): Fitted on this species; 27 trees; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Canadian national equation, red ash, dbh and height (stem wood plus stem bark; Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-ash-dbh-h-stem/), Lambert et al. 2005: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Canada; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; 27 trees.
   - [Canadian national equation, red ash, dbh only (stem wood plus stem bark; Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-ash-stem/), Lambert et al. 2005: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; 27 trees.

## Branch biomass

1. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 64–93 trees; DBH 2.54–77.72 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB green ash, species-level (all ecodivisions): branch biomass (wood and bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-pennsylvanica-branch/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–77.72 cm; 93 trees.
   - [NSVB green ash, Subtropical Division (230): branch biomass (wood and bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-pennsylvanica-230-branch/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–77.72 cm; 64 trees.

2. Lambert et al. 2005 (this species): Fitted on this species; 27 trees; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Canadian national equation, red ash, dbh only (branches; Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-ash-branches/), Lambert et al. 2005: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; 27 trees.
   - [Canadian national equation, red ash, dbh and height (branches; Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-ash-dbh-h-branches/), Lambert et al. 2005: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; 27 trees.

3. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Fraxinus; 235–273 trees across all species; DBH 2.54–65.02 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB ash spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): branch biomass (wood and bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-spp-branch/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–65.02 cm; 273 trees.
   - [NSVB ash spp., Subtropical Division (230): branch biomass (wood and bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-spp-230-branch/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–59.69 cm; 235 trees.

## Foliage biomass

1. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 71–99 trees; DBH 2.54–77.72 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB green ash, species-level (all ecodivisions): foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-pennsylvanica-foliage/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–77.72 cm; 99 trees.
   - [NSVB green ash, Subtropical Division (230): foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-pennsylvanica-230-foliage/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–77.72 cm; 71 trees.

2. Lambert et al. 2005 (this species): Fitted on this species; 27 trees; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Canadian national equation, red ash, dbh and height (foliage; Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-ash-dbh-h-foliage/), Lambert et al. 2005: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; 27 trees.
   - [Canadian national equation, red ash, dbh only (foliage; Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/lambert-2005-red-ash-foliage/), Lambert et al. 2005: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Canada; inputs DBH; DBH 4.9–40.2 cm; 27 trees.

3. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Fraxinus; 234–274 trees across all species; DBH 2.54–59.69 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB ash spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-spp-foliage/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–59.69 cm; 274 trees.
   - [NSVB ash spp., Subtropical Division (230): foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-spp-230-foliage/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–59.69 cm; 234 trees.

## Stem volume

1. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 171–254 trees; DBH 2.54–88.65 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB green ash, species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-pennsylvanica-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–88.65 cm; 254 trees.
   - [NSVB green ash, Subtropical Division (230): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-pennsylvanica-230-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–88.65 cm; 171 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Fraxinus; 91–597 trees across all species; DBH 2.54–70.61 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB ash spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-spp-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–70.61 cm; 597 trees.
   - [NSVB ash spp., Subtropical Division (230): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-spp-230-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–67.82 cm; 470 trees.
   - [NSVB ash spp., Hot Continental Regime Mountains (M220): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-fraxinus-spp-m220-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Fraxinus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 3.3–70.61 cm; 91 trees.