# Picea pungens

Pinaceae. 12 equations apply. Each output lists them most specific first: fitted on this species, on a variety of it, pooled fits that included it, then its genus and family. Within each step, equations the authors advised against go last, then those read from compilations; more trees come first. The order shows how specific the evidence is, not which equation predicts best.

Wood density 0.38 g/cm³, estimated from 1 sample in 1 study by the [Global Wood Density Database v.2](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16919509) (Fischer et al. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70860; CC BY 4.0).

## Stem biomass

1. Flade et al. 2021 (same genus): Fitted on 2 other Picea species, not this one; Number of trees not stated; Read from the original paper.
   - [Picea spp. stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/flade-2021-picea-stem-llrc/), Flade et al. 2021: Picea spp., Canada; inputs D30.
   - [Picea spp. stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/flade-2021-picea-stem-nls/), Flade et al. 2021: Picea spp., Canada; inputs D30.

## Branch biomass

1. Flade et al. 2021 (same genus): Fitted on 2 other Picea species, not this one; Number of trees not stated; Read from the original paper.
   - [Picea spp. branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/flade-2021-picea-branch-llrc/), Flade et al. 2021: Picea spp., Canada; inputs D30.
   - [Picea spp. branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/flade-2021-picea-branch-nls/), Flade et al. 2021: Picea spp., Canada; inputs D30.

## Foliage biomass

1. Flade et al. 2021 (same genus): Fitted on 2 other Picea species, not this one; Number of trees not stated; Read from the original paper.
   - [Picea spp. leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/flade-2021-picea-leaf-llrc/), Flade et al. 2021: Picea spp., Canada; inputs D30.
   - [Picea spp. leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/flade-2021-picea-leaf-nls/), Flade et al. 2021: Picea spp., Canada; inputs D30.

## Stem volume

1. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 32 trees; DBH 7.37–28.45 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB blue spruce, species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-picea-pungens-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Picea pungens, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 7.37–28.45 cm; 32 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Picea; 555–5,910 trees across all species; DBH 4.06–101.85 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB spruce spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), modified Wiley model (Eq. 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-picea-spp-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Picea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.06–101.85 cm; 5,910 trees.
   - [NSVB spruce spp., Warm Continental Regime Mountains (M210): total stem wood volume (inside bark), modified Wiley model (Eq. 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-picea-spp-m210-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Picea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 10.41–88.65 cm; 2,413 trees.
   - [NSVB spruce spp., Subarctic Regime Mountains (M130): total stem wood volume (inside bark), modified Wiley model (Eq. 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-picea-spp-m130-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Picea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 8.13–69.6 cm; 2,028 trees.
   - [NSVB spruce spp., Subarctic Division (130): total stem wood volume (inside bark), modified Wiley model (Eq. 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-picea-spp-130-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Picea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 8.64–67.06 cm; 890 trees.
   - [NSVB spruce spp., Temperate Steppe Regime Mountains (M330): total stem wood volume (inside bark), modified Wiley model (Eq. 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-picea-spp-m330-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Picea, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.06–101.85 cm; 555 trees.