# Pinus sylvestris

Pinaceae. 40 equations apply. Each output lists them most specific first: fitted on this species, on a variety of it, pooled fits that included it, then its genus and family. Within each step, equations the authors advised against go last, then those read from compilations; more trees come first. The order shows how specific the evidence is, not which equation predicts best.

Printed in sources as "Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica".

## Aboveground biomass

1. Repola 2009 (this species): Fitted on this species; 285 trees; Read from the original paper.
   - [Scots pine total above-ground biomass, Model 1a (Eq. 9)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/repola-2009-pinus-sylvestris-total/), Repola 2009: Pinus sylvestris, Finland; inputs DBH + Height; 285 trees.

2. Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014 (this species): Fitted on this species; 126 trees; DBH 1–22 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Scots pine aboveground biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/repola-2014-agb-pine/), Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014: Pinus sylvestris, Sweden; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 1–22 cm; 126 trees.

3. Tungalag et al. 2020 (this species): Fitted on this species; 35 trees; DBH 4.7–55 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Scots pine AGB biomass, ln-ln OLS (D only)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/tungalag-2020-agb-d/), Tungalag et al. 2020: Pinus sylvestris, Mongolia; inputs DBH; DBH 4.7–55 cm; 35 trees.
   - [Scots pine AGB biomass, ln-ln OLS (D and H)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/tungalag-2020-agb-dh/), Tungalag et al. 2020: Pinus sylvestris, Mongolia; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.7–55 cm; 35 trees.

4. Petrova et al. 2026 (this species): Fitted on this species; 12 trees; DBH 2.4–21.3 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Pinus sylvestris total aboveground biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals](https://treeallometry.org/equations/petrova-2026-pine-agb/), Petrova et al. 2026: Pinus sylvestris, Russia; inputs DBH; DBH 2.4–21.3 cm; 12 trees.

5. Forrester et al. 2017 (this species): Fitted on this species; Number of trees not stated; DBH 1–71 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [European general equation, Pinus sylvestris, aboveground, diameter only (Eq. 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/forrester-2017-pinus-sylvestris/), Forrester et al. 2017: Pinus sylvestris, Europe (latitude min/mean/max 44 / 54.7 / 65 °N); inputs DBH; DBH 1–71 cm.

6. Siqing et al. 2022 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 131 trees; DBH 2.4–44.2 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine plantation aboveground biomass (stem+branch+foliage), Mu Us (Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/siqing-2022-agb/), Siqing et al. 2022: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.4–44.2 cm; 131 trees.

7. Dong et al. 2016 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 85 trees; DBH 6–38.7 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) aboveground biomass from D only (sum of components, System 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys1-agb/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) aboveground biomass from D and H (sum of components, System 2)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys2-agb/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.

8. Brown 1997 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Pinus; 63 trees across all species; DBH 2–52 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Tropical pines AGB from DBH (Eq. 3.1.8 / 3.2.8)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/brown-1997-pine/), Brown 1997: Pinus, Global; inputs DBH; DBH 2–52 cm; 63 trees.

9. Chojnacky et al. 2014 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Pinus; Number of trees not stated; DBH 3–56 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [North American taxa group: Pinus ≥ 0.45 spg (Table 5)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/chojnacky-2014-pinus-spg-ge-045/), Chojnacky et al. 2014: Pinus, United States; inputs DBH; DBH 3–56 cm.

10. Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Pinus; Number of trees not stated; Read from the original paper.
   - [Pinus total aboveground biomass](https://treeallometry.org/equations/vargas-larreta-2017-all-pines-agb/), Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017: Pinus, Mexico; inputs DBH + Height.

## Total biomass

1. Dong et al. 2016 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 85 trees; DBH 6–38.7 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) total (above + below ground) biomass from D only (sum of components, System 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys1-total/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) total (above + below ground) biomass from D and H (sum of components, System 2)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys2-total/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.

## Stem biomass

1. Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014 (this species): Fitted on this species; 126 trees; DBH 1–22 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Scots pine stem biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/repola-2014-stem-pine/), Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014: Pinus sylvestris, Sweden; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 1–22 cm; 126 trees.

2. Tungalag et al. 2020 (this species): Fitted on this species; 35 trees; DBH 4.7–55 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Scots pine stem biomass, ln-ln OLS (D only)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/tungalag-2020-stem-d/), Tungalag et al. 2020: Pinus sylvestris, Mongolia; inputs DBH; DBH 4.7–55 cm; 35 trees.
   - [Scots pine stem biomass, ln-ln OLS (D and H)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/tungalag-2020-stem-dh/), Tungalag et al. 2020: Pinus sylvestris, Mongolia; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.7–55 cm; 35 trees.

3. Petrova et al. 2026 (this species): Fitted on this species; 12 trees; DBH 2.4–21.3 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Pinus sylvestris stem in bark biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals](https://treeallometry.org/equations/petrova-2026-pine-st/), Petrova et al. 2026: Pinus sylvestris, Russia; inputs DBH; DBH 2.4–21.3 cm; 12 trees.

4. Siqing et al. 2022 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 131 trees; DBH 2.4–44.2 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine plantation stem biomass from D and H, Mu Us (Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/siqing-2022-stem/), Siqing et al. 2022: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.4–44.2 cm; 131 trees.

5. Dong et al. 2016 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 85 trees; DBH 6–38.7 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) stem biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys1-stem/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) stem biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys2-stem/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.

## Branch biomass

1. Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014 (this species): Fitted on this species; 126 trees; DBH 1–22 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Scots pine living branch biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/repola-2014-branch-pine/), Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014: Pinus sylvestris, Sweden; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 1–22 cm; 126 trees.

2. Tungalag et al. 2020 (this species): Fitted on this species; 35 trees; DBH 4.7–55 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Scots pine branch biomass, ln-ln OLS (D only)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/tungalag-2020-branch-d/), Tungalag et al. 2020: Pinus sylvestris, Mongolia; inputs DBH; DBH 4.7–55 cm; 35 trees.
   - [Scots pine branch biomass, ln-ln OLS (D and H)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/tungalag-2020-branch-dh/), Tungalag et al. 2020: Pinus sylvestris, Mongolia; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.7–55 cm; 35 trees.

3. Petrova et al. 2026 (this species): Fitted on this species; 12 trees; DBH 2.4–21.3 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Pinus sylvestris branches biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals](https://treeallometry.org/equations/petrova-2026-pine-br/), Petrova et al. 2026: Pinus sylvestris, Russia; inputs DBH; DBH 2.4–21.3 cm; 12 trees.

4. Siqing et al. 2022 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 131 trees; DBH 2.4–44.2 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine plantation branch biomass from D, Mu Us (Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/siqing-2022-branch/), Siqing et al. 2022: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH; DBH 2.4–44.2 cm; 131 trees.

5. Dong et al. 2016 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 85 trees; DBH 6–38.7 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) branch biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys1-branch/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) branch biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys2-branch/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.

6. Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Pinus; Number of trees not stated; Read from the original paper.
   - [Pinus branch biomass (wood and bark)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/vargas-larreta-2017-all-pines-branch/), Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017: Pinus, Mexico; inputs DBH + Height.

## Foliage biomass

1. Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014 (this species): Fitted on this species; 126 trees; DBH 1–22 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Scots pine foliage biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/repola-2014-foliage-pine/), Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014: Pinus sylvestris, Sweden; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 1–22 cm; 126 trees.

2. Tungalag et al. 2020 (this species): Fitted on this species; 35 trees; DBH 4.7–55 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Scots pine needle biomass, ln-ln OLS (D only)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/tungalag-2020-needle-d/), Tungalag et al. 2020: Pinus sylvestris, Mongolia; inputs DBH; DBH 4.7–55 cm; 35 trees.
   - [Scots pine needle biomass, ln-ln OLS (D and H)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/tungalag-2020-needle-dh/), Tungalag et al. 2020: Pinus sylvestris, Mongolia; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.7–55 cm; 35 trees.

3. Petrova et al. 2026 (this species): Fitted on this species; 12 trees; DBH 2.4–21.3 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Pinus sylvestris foliage biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals](https://treeallometry.org/equations/petrova-2026-pine-f/), Petrova et al. 2026: Pinus sylvestris, Russia; inputs DBH; DBH 2.4–21.3 cm; 12 trees.

4. Siqing et al. 2022 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 131 trees; DBH 2.4–44.2 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine plantation foliage biomass from D, Mu Us (Table 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/siqing-2022-foliage/), Siqing et al. 2022: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH; DBH 2.4–44.2 cm; 131 trees.

5. Dong et al. 2016 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 85 trees; DBH 6–38.7 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) foliage biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys1-foliage/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) foliage biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys2-foliage/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.

6. Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Pinus; Number of trees not stated; Read from the original paper.
   - [Pinus foliage biomass](https://treeallometry.org/equations/vargas-larreta-2017-all-pines-foliage/), Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017: Pinus, Mexico; inputs DBH + Height.

## Root biomass

1. Röhling et al. 2019 (this species): Fitted on this species; 54 trees; DBH 7.2–53.2 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Pinus sylvestris, Germany, belowground biomass from DBH (Eq. 4, Tab. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/rohling-2019-bgb-pine/), Röhling et al. 2019: Pinus sylvestris, Germany; inputs DBH; DBH 7.2–53.2 cm; 54 trees.

2. Dong et al. 2016 (var. mongolica): Fitted on var. mongolica only; 85 trees; DBH 6–38.7 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) root biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys1-root/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.
   - [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) root biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/dong-2016-mongolian-pine-sys2-root/), Dong et al. 2016: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 6–38.7 cm; 85 trees.