# Populus deltoides

Salicaceae. 24 equations apply. Each output lists them most specific first: fitted on this species, on a variety of it, pooled fits that included it, then its genus and family. Within each step, equations the authors advised against go last, then those read from compilations; more trees come first. The order shows how specific the evidence is, not which equation predicts best.

Wood density 0.42 g/cm³, estimated from 29 samples in 9 studies by the [Global Wood Density Database v.2](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16919509) (Fischer et al. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70860; CC BY 4.0).

## Aboveground biomass

1. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 30 trees; DBH 14.99–66.29 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB eastern cottonwood, species-level (all ecodivisions): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-deltoides-agb/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus deltoides, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 14.99–66.29 cm; 30 trees.

2. Chojnacky et al. 2014 (pooled, includes it): Pooled fit on 4 named species and others, this one included; Number of trees not stated; DBH 3–70 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [North American taxa group: Salicaceae ≥ 0.35 spg (Table 5)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/chojnacky-2014-salicaceae-spg-ge-035/), Chojnacky et al. 2014: Salicaceae ≥ 0.35 spg (Populus deltoides, P. grandidentata, Populus spp., P. tremuloides, Salix alba, Salix spp.), United States; inputs DBH; DBH 3–70 cm.

3. Du et al. 2026 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Populus; 150 trees across all species; DBH 2.2–37.9 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Poplar aboveground biomass (compatible total-biomass system)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/du-2026-poplar-agb/), Du et al. 2026: Populus, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.2–37.9 cm; 150 trees; not fully checked.
     > Not fully checked: Our November 2026 recheck couldn't get a readable copy of this paper, so the equation rests on a single reading. Compare it with the paper before relying on it.

4. Forrester et al. 2017 (same genus): Fitted on 2 other Populus species, not this one; Number of trees not stated; DBH 0.1–44.7 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [European general equation, Populus, aboveground, diameter only (Eq. 3)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/forrester-2017-populus/), Forrester et al. 2017: Populus (P. alba, P. tremula and Populus hybrids), Europe (latitude min/mean/max 44.5 / 57.4 / 61 °N); inputs DBH; DBH 0.1–44.7 cm.

5. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Populus; 112–132 trees across all species; DBH 2.54–50.8 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-agb/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–50.8 cm; 132 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., Subtropical Division (230): total aboveground biomass (without foliage), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-230-agb/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–50.8 cm; 112 trees.

## Total biomass

1. Du et al. 2026 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Populus; 150 trees across all species; DBH 2.2–37.9 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [Poplar total tree biomass (compatible total-biomass system)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/du-2026-poplar-total/), Du et al. 2026: Populus, China; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.2–37.9 cm; 150 trees; not fully checked.
     > Not fully checked: Our November 2026 recheck couldn't get a readable copy of this paper, so the equation rests on a single reading. Compare it with the paper before relying on it.

## Branch biomass

1. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 30 trees; DBH 14.99–66.29 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB eastern cottonwood, species-level (all ecodivisions): branch biomass (wood and bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-deltoides-branch/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus deltoides, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 14.99–66.29 cm; 30 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Populus; 112–132 trees across all species; DBH 2.54–50.8 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): branch biomass (wood and bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-branch/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–50.8 cm; 132 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., Subtropical Division (230): branch biomass (wood and bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-230-branch/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–50.8 cm; 112 trees.

## Foliage biomass

1. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 76 trees; DBH 4.06–66.29 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB eastern cottonwood, species-level (all ecodivisions): foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-deltoides-foliage/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus deltoides, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 4.06–66.29 cm; 76 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Populus; 111–132 trees across all species; DBH 2.54–50.8 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-foliage/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–50.8 cm; 132 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., Subtropical Division (230): foliage biomass, Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-230-foliage/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–50.8 cm; 111 trees.

## Root biomass

1. Du et al. 2026 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Populus; 36 trees across all species; Read from the original paper.
   - [Poplar root biomass (compatible total-biomass system)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/du-2026-poplar-root/), Du et al. 2026: Populus, China; inputs DBH + Height; 36 trees; not fully checked.
     > Not fully checked: Our November 2026 recheck couldn't get a readable copy of this paper, so the equation rests on a single reading. Compare it with the paper before relying on it.

## Stem volume

1. Westfall et al. 2024 (this species): Fitted on this species; 90–183 trees; DBH 5.33–96.27 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB eastern cottonwood, species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-deltoides-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus deltoides, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 5.33–96.27 cm; 183 trees.
   - [NSVB eastern cottonwood, Prairie Division (250): total stem wood volume (inside bark), Schumacher-Hall model (Eq. 1)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-deltoides-250-volume/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus deltoides, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 22.86–96.27 cm; 90 trees.

2. Westfall et al. 2024 (same genus): Fitted on the genus Populus; 83–607 trees across all species; DBH 2.54–88.9 cm; Read from the original paper.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 11 in (27.94 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-volume-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 27.94–88.9 cm; 607 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., species-level (all ecodivisions): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 11 in (27.94 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-volume-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–27.94 cm; 607 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., Temperate Steppe Regime Mountains (M330): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 11 in (27.94 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-m330-volume-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 27.94–45.72 cm; 240 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., Temperate Steppe Regime Mountains (M330): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 11 in (27.94 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-m330-volume-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 11.18–27.94 cm; 240 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., Subarctic Division (130): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 11 in (27.94 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-130-volume-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 27.94–88.9 cm; 163 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., Subarctic Division (130): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 11 in (27.94 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-130-volume-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 3.81–27.94 cm; 163 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., Subtropical Division (230): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D ≥ 11 in (27.94 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-230-volume-large/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 27.94–50.8 cm; 83 trees.
   - [NSVB cottonwood and poplar spp., Subtropical Division (230): total stem wood volume (inside bark), segmented model (Eq. 2), D < 11 in (27.94 cm)](https://treeallometry.org/equations/westfall-2024-populus-spp-230-volume-small/), Westfall et al. 2024: Populus, United States; inputs DBH + Height; DBH 2.54–27.94 cm; 83 trees.